REFERENCES AND RESOURCES

Gaillard, Frye. Cradle of Freedom: Alabama and the Movement that Changed America. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 2004. 

Guzman, Jessie P. Crusade for Civic Democracy: The Story of the Tuskegee Civic Association, 1941-1970. New York: Vantage Press, 1984.

Patton, Gwen. My Race to Freedom: A Life in the Civil Rights Movement. Montgomery, Ala.: New South Books, 2020.

Norrell, Robert J. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985.

Rudder, Justin. “Gwen Patton.” In Encyclopedia of Alabama. Last modified May 3, 2023. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/gwen-patton/.

Smith, Gabriel Antoine. “A Hollow Inheritance: The Legacies of the Tuskegee Civic Association

and the Crusade for Civic Democracy in Alabama.” Master’s Thesis, Auburn University, 2016.  

Wood, Julia Erin. “Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in Alabama.” In Encyclopedia of Alabama. Last modified July 13, 2023. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/student-nonviolent-coordinating-committee-in-alabama-sncc/.

Alabama Department of Archives and History, Digital Collections.  

High Museum of Art, Civil Rights Photographs.

Tuskegee University Archives, Digital Collections, Tuskegee Civic Association. http://archive.tuskegee.edu/repository/digital-collection/tuskegee-civic-association-meetings-speeches-and-records/

Tuskegee University Archives, Digital Collections, Jessie Parkhurst Guzman. http://archive.tuskegee.edu/repository/digital-collection/jessie-parkhurst-guzman/

Tuskegee University Archives, Digital Collections, Tuskegee History. http://archive.tuskegee.edu/repository/digital-collection/audio-collections/tuskegee-history/

Tuskegee University Archives, Digital Collections, Yearbooks. http://archive.tuskegee.edu/repository/digital-collection/yearbooks/

Students from Tuskegee Institute, Conclusion of the Selma to Montgomery March, Alabama. 1965. Gwen Patton is pictured just above the man in the bottom left corner.

(Morton Broffman, American, 1928–1992. 2007.46. High Museum of Art) 

Jessie Guzman and Charles Gomillion, c. 1950. (Tuskegee University Archives)

Students from Tuskegee Institute seated on a road during a demonstration to protest the murder of Samuel L. Younge, Jr., a civil rights worker. (Alabama Department of Archives and History)

This photo was taken at the June 24, 1958 TCA mass meeting in commemoration of the one year anniversary of the Crusade for Citizenship. The meeting was held at Butler Chapel AMEZ Church. (Tuskegee University Archives)

Gwen Patton and other students from Tuskegee Institute during a demonstration to protest the murder of Samuel L. Younge, Jr., a civil rights worker. January 1966. (Alabama Department of Archives and History)

Simuel Schutz, Jr., Wendell Paris, and other students from Tuskegee Institute marching down a sidewalk during a demonstration to protest the murder of Samuel L. Younge, Jr., a civil rights worker. (Alabama Department of Archives and History)